In an era where fast fashion dominates retail and trends turn over faster than the seasons change, the question of sustainability in fashion has never been more important. "Sustainable fashion" isn’t just about swapping leather for faux alternatives or buying second-hand—it’s a complex interplay of materials, production methods, consumption habits, and end-of-life management. So, what truly makes fashion sustainable?
Let’s unravel the facts.
1. It Starts with the Materials
Sustainable clothing begins at the fiber level. Natural, organic, and biodegradable materials like organic cotton, hemp, linen, and lyocell (made from sustainably sourced wood pulp) are better choices than synthetics when produced responsibly. These materials generally:
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Require less water and fewer pesticides (e.g., organic cotton vs. conventional cotton).
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Break down more easily in the environment.
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Are often produced using less energy-intensive processes.
However, sustainability isn't always black and white—sometimes, "natural" materials can be grown in unsustainable ways, while "synthetics" can be recycled and reused.
2. The Myth of Recycled Polyester
Recycled polyester (often from PET plastic bottles) is a popular fabric in the “eco-friendly” clothing market. On the surface, it seems like a win: giving single-use plastics a second life. But there's a critical problem—microplastic pollution.
Every time recycled polyester garments are washed, they shed tiny plastic fibres—microplastics—that make their way into rivers, oceans, and even our drinking water. According to a study by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), synthetic textiles are responsible for over a third of microplastic pollution in the ocean.
Even though it reduces reliance on virgin petroleum-based fabrics, recycled polyester still contributes to long-term pollution. The clothing may be “recycled,” but the pollution will continue for up to 500 years which is how long plastic takes to decompose naturally.
Read our article about how we can clean up microplastics pollution for more details.
3. Vegan Doesn’t Always Mean Sustainable
As consumers move away from animal-based products, vegan fashion has gained popularity. However, many vegan alternatives—especially faux leather, suede, and wool—are made from plastic or petroleum-based components like polyurethane (PU) or PVC.
While no animals are harmed in making these products, they can:
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Take hundreds of years to decompose.
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Emit toxic substances during production.
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Contribute to fossil fuel extraction and plastic pollution.
In essence, a vegan product made from plastic may be cruelty-free, but not eco-friendly. It's essential to distinguish between ethical and environmental sustainability.
4. Slow Fashion > Fast Fashion
One of the most sustainable choices a consumer can make is simply to buy less and choose better. The slow fashion movement promotes:
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Quality over quantity – Clothing made to last, with durable stitching and timeless design.
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Ethical labor practices – Ensuring fair wages and safe conditions for garment workers.
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Transparency – Brands that share their sourcing and production methods openly.
5. Circularity Is Key
Truly sustainable fashion is circular—it’s designed with its end in mind. That means:
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Clothes that can be repaired, reused, or recycled.
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Materials that can safely return to the earth (biodegradable).
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Business models that encourage take-backs, resale, and renting.
At Wrenby's we are inspired by brands like Patagonia, Eileen Fisher, and tentree in embracing this circular approach. Help us in creating systems that go beyond selling new garments.
Final Thoughts
Sustainability in fashion isn’t defined by a single factor like being "vegan" or "organic." It’s a comprehensive evaluation of material choice, manufacturing ethics, environmental impact, and product lifecycle.
Understanding the hidden costs—like microplastic pollution from recycled polyester or the petroleum base of vegan leather—helps consumers make more informed decisions. The key isn’t perfection, but progress: reducing consumption, choosing responsibly, and holding brands accountable.
The most sustainable garment is the one you already own. Wear it well.